Fasaha ta BESS: Tsarin Grid vs Mai bin Grid
A zamanin yau, fasahar sarrafa PCS na ajiyar makamashi an raba su zuwa rukuni biyu: Tsarin Grid da Bibiyar Grid. Bibiyar Grid, wanda ba shi da ikon samar da tallafin ƙarfin lantarki da mita ta hanyar kansa a matsayin tushen yanzu. Ya dogara ne kawai akan kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfin lantarki da mita na grid na waje, don haka yana ba da iyakantaccen damar tallafawa tsarin. A gefe guda kuma, Tsarin Grid, tushen ƙarfin lantarki a matsayin ƙirar asali, yana fahimtar iyawa ta hanyar siginar tunani na ciki na ƙarfin lantarki da mita. Ba wai kawai yana ba da damar aiki tare da grid ba amma har ma da aikin da ba na grid ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarfafa tallafin ɗaure da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali.
Tare da ƙarfin iska da hasken rana suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin wutar lantarki, yanayin aiki yana fuskantar sauyi mai mahimmanci. Musamman a yankuna kamar Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amurka, inda tare da yawan samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa, duk da haka kayayyakin more rayuwa na grid har yanzu suna da rauni. A waɗannan yankuna, manyan sansanonin makamashi masu sabuntawa - galibi suna cikin hamada ko yankunan Gobi - suna fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa: ƙarancin rabon wutar lantarki a tsakanin wurare da yawa, yawan juyawar intanet, rashin isasshen wutar lantarki, da raguwar kwanciyar hankali a cikin ƙarfin lantarki da kwanciyar hankali na kusurwar wutar lantarki. Dangane da waɗannan matsaloli masu rikitarwa, fasahar adana makamashi mai samar da grid ta bayyana a matsayin babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a cikin masana'antar.
1. Tsarin Grid vs Bin Grid
1.1 Fasaha Mai Bin Grid
Ka'idar tsarin adana makamashi mai bin grid yana aiki a matsayin tushen wuta, kuma aikinsa ya dogara ne akan ƙarfin lantarki da mitar grid. A ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa, mai canza tsarin yana daidaitawa da gird ta hanyar bin diddigin bayanan lokacin grid, ta amfani da madauki mai kulle lokaci (PPL) don auna matakin a wurin haɗin gwiwa na gama gari (PCC). Ganin cewa wannan hanyar ba ta ba da damar tsarin ya samar da ƙarfin lantarki da mita kai tsaye ba, zai iya aiki ne kawai lokacin da grid ɗin yake. Ana amfani da tsarin adana makamashi mai bin grid don samar da diyya ta wutar lantarki nan take, ta haka yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da maimaitawa na grid.
1.2 Fasahar Samar da Grid
Ka'idar masu sarrafa tsarin adana makamashi masu samar da grid a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki, wanda ke da ikon saita sigogin wutar lantarki a ciki don isar da ƙarfin lantarki mai ɗorewa da mita. Masu canza grid suna amfani da dabarun daidaita wutar lantarki, kamar janareto masu daidaitawa, suna cimma daidaituwa ba tare da PPL ba. Wannan hanyar sarrafawa ta dace musamman ga grids masu ƙarfin tsarin da ƙarancin ƙarfin jiki.
Masu canza grid ɗin kuma suna iya samar da inertia ta kama-da-wane da kuma rage ƙarfin tsarin, wanda hakan ke ba da damar yin aiki mai zaman kansa koda kuwa babu bayanai game da yanayin grid na waje. Yayin da shigar makamashi mai sabuntawa da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki ke ƙaruwa - wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfin tsarin da kuma raguwar ƙarfin grid - fasahar sarrafa grid ɗin tana haɓaka ikon masu juyawa don tallafawa ƙarfin lantarki da mita, ta haka ne ke inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin wutar lantarki.
Saboda yanayin tushen wutar lantarki, BESS mai samar da grid yana rage matsalolin rashin isasshen ƙarfin da'ira da rashin ƙarfin juyawa a cikin sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki.
2. Bambance-bambance a Fasaha da Aikace-aikace
Babban bambanci tsakanin bin grid da ƙirƙirar grid BESS shine halayen tushe da hanyoyin sarrafawa. Tsarin bin grid a matsayin tushen yanzu, ba zai iya samar da tallafin ƙarfin lantarki da mita ba, kuma dole ne ya dogara da grid. Tsarin samar da grid a matsayin tushen ƙarfin lantarki, ta hanyar saita siginar tunani na ƙarfin lantarki a ciki zuwa ƙarfin lantarki da mita, suna iya aiki duka a cikin yanayin da aka haɗa grid da kuma daga grid, suna ba da ƙarfin tallafin grid mai ƙarfi.
Bugu da ƙari, masu sauya grid suna fuskantar matsalolin kwanciyar hankali a cikin grid masu rauni, yayin da masu sauya grid na iya bayar da tallafin mita mai ɗorewa, ta haka ne inganta kwanciyar hankali na gird.
BESS mai bin Grid ya dace da waɗannan yanayin aikace-aikacen tare da grid mai karko kuma ba tare da ƙarin tallafin wutar lantarki da mita ba. Yayin da BESS mai samar da grid ya dace da sabbin tsarin wutar lantarki, musamman a yankunan da ke da yawan shigar makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali na grid.
3. Kwatancen PCS
3.1 Tsarin PCS mai bin Grid
PCS mai bin Grid galibi yana sarrafa wutar AC-side current. Yana bin diddigin kusurwar matakin ƙarfin lantarki na grid ɗin da ke akwai ta hanyar PPL, bayan haka canjin daidaitawa da daidaitawar PWM suna samar da siginar sarrafawa da aka mayar wa na'urorin canzawa.
Fasahar madauki mai kullewa ta zamani da ake amfani da ita a tsarin sarrafa PCS mai bin grid tana da girma sosai a wannan matakin, wanda hakan ke ba da damar aiki da tsarin a ƙarƙashin yanayin wutar lantarki da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙayyade. Duk da haka, har ma da fasahar PPL da take dogara da ita ta girma, har yanzu tana buƙatar samun madaidaicin mita da ƙarfin lantarki daga grid don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Bugu da ƙari, kwanciyar hankali na madauki mai sarrafawa yana da rauni fiye da na tsarin adana makamashi mai samar da grid, wanda hakan ke sa ta kasa samar da tallafin ɗaure mai aiki.
3.2 Tsarin PCS mai samar da Grid
Sabanin yadda ake sarrafa grid-bining, ana amfani da madaukai masu kulle-kulle a lokaci-lokaci don daidaita grid, PCS mai samar da grid-forming yana saita siginar auna ƙarfin lantarki a ciki, kuma yana daidaitawa da sauran grid ɗin ta hanyar tsarin lissafin wutar lantarki da kuma sarrafa rage yawan mita. Wannan hanyar, kamar aikin janareta mai daidaitawa, ba ta buƙatar siginar nunin ƙarfin lantarki na waje.
PCS mai samar da grid zai iya daidaita fitarwarsa kai tsaye a ainihin lokaci ba tare da nassoshi na samar da wutar lantarki na waje ba. Ta hanyar daidaita fitarwa don kiyaye ƙarfin lantarki, yana aiki azaman tushen wutar lantarki don haɗin gird yayin da yake tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin. Yana iya kafa grid mai zaman kansa a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ba su da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi. Duk da haka, an haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki na PCS mai samar da grid daga sau 1.5 zuwa 3.0 wanda aka ƙididdige shi, wanda ya haifar da farashi mai yawa fiye da tsarin bin grid.
4. Ayyukan PCS masu samar da Grid
4.1 Tsarin Grid Voltage
PCS mai samar da Grid zai iya kwaikwayi hanyoyin aiki da halayen janareto masu aiki tare ta hanyar samfurin janareto mai aiki tare (VSG). VSG yana kwaikwayon hanyoyin daidaita mita da ƙarfin lantarki na janareto mai aiki tare na zahiri, yana kwaikwayon ikon sarrafa motsawa ta hanyar daidaita wutar lantarki mai amsawa. Wannan yana samar da tallafin inertial mai aiki, yana kwaikwayi halayen fitarwa na janareto masu aiki tare, kuma yana ba da damar samar da grid.
4.2 Tsarin Sauti da Amsar Rashin Inertia
A lokacin rikice-rikicen tsarin wutar lantarki, sigogi kamar inertia na juyawa ta kama-da-wane (J) da kuma ma'aunin rage damping (D) a cikin ikon VSG suna taimakawa wajen rage bambancin mita, ta haka ne ke inganta daidaiton mita da kusurwar wutar lantarki. Tunda inertia ta kama-da-wane J ba wani abu ne na zahiri ba, ana iya daidaita ƙimarta cikin sauƙi ba tare da iyakancewar kayan aiki ba. Bugu da ƙari, PCS mai samar da grid yana ba da damar ɗaukar nauyi sau 1.2 nan take, yana ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi don amsawar inertia.
4.3 Dakatar da Sauye-sauyen Yanayi na Broadband
PCS mai samar da grid zai iya rage haɗarin oscillation mai ƙarancin mita ta hanyar daidaita damping coefficients (D). Hakanan yana amfani da dabaru kamar impedance na kama-da-wane da kuma active damping don sake fasalin halayen impedance a takamaiman mitoci da kuma danne oscillations.
4.4 Hawan Lalacewar Wutar Lantarki
A lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki (LVRT), PCS mai samar da grid yana amfani da ikon iyakancewa na yanzu da kuma ɗaukar nauyin sarrafa impedance na kama-da-wane don kiyaye aikin tushen ƙarfin lantarki da kuma tallafawa samuwar grid. A cikin yanayin hawan-ta-tsayi mai girma (HVRT), yana haɗa da daidaita ƙarfin lantarki na ƙarshe a ainihin lokaci cikin dabarun sarrafawa, ta amfani da amsawar wutar lantarki mai sauri don danne yawan ƙarfin lantarki da kuma ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali na grid.
4.5 Ƙarfin Farawa Baƙi
PCS mai samar da grid zai iya farawa da tallafawa dawo da tsarin bayan rugujewar grid. Yana samar da wutar lantarki ta AC ta hanyar kanta, yana samar da kuzari ga manyan na'urori, kuma idan ya cancanta, yana samar da grid mai zaman kansa. Duk da haka, saboda yawan kwararar intrush yayin fara baƙi, na'ura ɗaya ba za ta iya samar da ƙarin kayan aiki ba shi kaɗai. Tsarin Gudanar da Makamashi (EMS) dole ne ya daidaita na'urorin PCS da yawa masu samar da grid a layi ɗaya don tallafawa haɓakar transformer da kafa ƙarfin lantarki.
5. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
T1: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin samar da grid da ajiyar makamashi mai bin grid?
A:Tsarin bin grid yana aiki a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki da ke buƙatar grid mai ƙarfi don daidaitawa da shi, yayin da tsarin samar da grid yana aiki a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa wanda zai iya ƙirƙira da kuma ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki da mitar grid ɗin su da kansu.
T2: Me yasa fasahar samar da wutar lantarki take da mahimmanci ga tsarin wutar lantarki na zamani?
A: Yayin da na'urorin da ake sabuntawa (kamar iska da hasken rana) ke maye gurbin janareto na gargajiya, na'urorin da ake sabuntawa na tsarin suna raguwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Ajiyar da ke samar da grid tana ba da mahimmancin inertia na kama-da-wane da tallafin wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mahimmanci ga na'urorin da ba su da ƙarfi da kuma muhallin da za a iya sabuntawa sosai.
T3: Menene manyan fa'idodin aiki na PCS mai samar da grid?
A: Manyan fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da: kafa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na grid (farawa baƙar fata), samar da inertia ta kama-da-wane don daidaiton mita, rage girgiza, da kuma tafiya cikin lahani na grid cikin ƙarfi, duk yayin da suke aiki a cikin yanayi masu rauni ko kuma waɗanda ba su da grid.
T4: Menene babban la'akari da farashi ga PCS mai samar da grid?
A: Babban abin da ke haifar da tsada shi ne ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙaruwa (wanda ya ninka sau 3.0 idan aka kwatanta da 1.5 idan aka kwatanta da grid-binding), wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi da tsadar kayan aikin semiconductor na wutar lantarki.
