Diro me BESS: Yubu Grid ki Lubu Grid
I kare ni, jami ma ki tiyo kwede me gwoko teko me PCS ki poko ne i dul aryo: Yubu Grid ki Grid Following. Grid Following, ma pe ki kero me miiyo kony me voltage ki frequency ma calo gin ma miyo mac. En jenge i kom rwom me teko ki rwom me tic pa grid ma woko, ma miyo kony manok. Ki tung cing kany, Grid Forming, ma obedo gin ma kelo teko ma calo gin ma pire tek, nyutu kero ni kun wok ki i keto lanyut ma mako teko ki rwom me teko. En pe miyo tic ma ki keto i grid keken ento bene tiyo kene ma pe ki grid, ma kelo kony ma tek ki rwom ma lamal.
Ka i medo ki teko pa yamo ki ceng ma tye ka mede i yub me teko, kit me tic tye ka kato ki i alokaloka madit. Tutwale i kabedo ma calo Afrika, Middle East, ki South America, ma tye ki rwom ma malo me teko ma ki twero dwoko cen, ento yub me grid pud tye magoro. I kabedo magi, kabedo madongo me teko ma ki twero dwoko cen- ma pol kare nonge i dye tim onyo i Gobi- tye ka wok ki peko mapol: rwom me short-circuit ma nok i kin kabedo mapol, rwom me broadband ma loko kare ki kare, inertia pa jami ma pe romo, ki dwoko piny ma nen i voltage ki power angle stability. Me gamo lapeny ma tek ni, diro me gwoko teko ma ki lwongo ni grid okati calo gin ma pire tek i kin dano ma gi tiyo tic man.
1. Yub me Grid ki Lubu Grid
1.1 Teknoloji ma lubu Grid
Cik me gwoko teko ma lubu grid ni tiyo calo gin ma miyo mac, ki tic ne jenge i kom teko pa grid ki rwom me tic ne. I te kit me loc, gin ma loko jami ni rwate ki gin ma ki lwongo ni gird kun lubo ngec ma mako grid phase, kun tiyo ki phase-locked loop(PPL) me pimo phase i point of common coupling(PCC). Kit ma yoo man pe miyo twero bot jami ni me miiyo kero ki rwom me tic kene, en twero tic ka grid tye. Jami ma ki tiyo kwede me gwoko teko ma lubo grid ki tiyo kwede me miiyo teko ma oyot oyot, ma weko grid bedo maber ki dwoko ne cen.
1.2 Diro me yubu Grid
Cik me grid-forming energy storage system operators ma calo gin ma miyo teko, ma twero keto teko ma miite me miiyo teko ma rwate ki frequency. Jami ma ki lwongo ni Grid-forming converters tiyo ki yoo me rwate ki teko, ma rom ki jami ma ki lwongo ni synchronous generators, ma weko rwate labongo PPL. Yoo me tic man ber tutwal pi grid ma tye ki guvu pa jami ki teko ma lapiny.
Gin ma loko jami ma ki lwongo ni Grid-forming converters bene twero miiyo inertia ki damping bot jami ma ki tiyo kwede, ma miyo twero me tic kene kadi bed ni pe tye ngec mo ma aa ki woko. Kit ma donyo pa teko ma ki twero dwoko cen ki teko pa jami ma tiyo ki mac tye ka mede- ma weko tic pa jami ma tiyo ki mac doko nok ki teko pa grid ma goro- diro me doro grid medo kero pa jami ma loko teko me konyo voltage ki frequency, ma weko teko pa jami ma tiyo ki mac bedo maber.
Pi kit ma teko ne tye kwede, grid-forming BESS konyo maber me juku peko me short-circuit ma oromo ki peke pa rotatinal inertia i yub me teko manyen.
2. Apokapoka i kin jami ma ki tiyo kwede ki tic kwede
Apokapoka madit ma tye i kin lubo kor ki yubu dul BESS tye kit ma jami ma aa ki iye ki yoo me tic kwede. Cik ma lubu grid ma calo gin ma miyo mac, pe twero miiyo kony me voltage ki frequency, ki myero ogen grid. Cik me yubu grid ma calo gin ma kelo teko, ki keto lanyut me teko ma aa ki iye ki rwom me teko, gi twero tic i yoo me grid-tied ki off-grid, ma miiyo teko me konyo grid matek.
Medo ikom meno, jami ma lubo grid gi nongo peko me cung matek i grid ma goro, kun jami ma gi yubu grid twero miiyo kony me frequency ma rwate, ma weko gird bedo maber.
Grid-following BESS ber pi jami ma ki tiyo kwede ki grid ma ocung matek ki labongo medo voltage ki frequency supports. I kare ma yubu grid BESS ber pi yub me teko manyen, tutwale i kabedo ma tye ki teko ma ki twero dwoko cen ki rwom me grid ma goro.
3. Poro PCS
3.1 kit ma ki yubu kwede PCS ma lubo grid
Grid-following PCS aye loyo AC-side current. En lubo rwom me rwom me teko pa grid ma tye ni kun wok ki i PPL, ma lacen loko rwom me rwom ki PWM modulation kelo lanyut ma ki dwoko cen bot jami ma ki loko.
Kit me tic ki jami ma ki lwongo ni phase-locked loop ma ki tiyo kwede i grid-following PCS control structures dong odongo maber i kare ni, ma weko tic pa jami ni tiyo i te cik ma ki moko con ki rwom me teko ma malo. Ento, kadi bed ni diro me PPL ma en jenge iye dong odongo, en pud mito ni ki nong frequency ki voltage ma rwate ki grid wek otiime maber. Medo ikom meno, rwom me tic ne goro loyo pa jami ma gwoko teko ma ki lwongo ni grid-forming energy storage systems, ma miyo en pe twero miiyo kony me gird.
3.2 kit ma ki yubu kwede PCS
Ma pe calo grid-following controls ma jenge i kom phase-locked loops pi grid synchronization, grid-forming PCS keto voltage reference signals i iye, ki synchronize ki grid mukene kun tiyo ki power calculation module ki frequency droop control. Kit me timo man, ma calo tic pa gin ma kelo teko ma rwate, pe mito lanyut me teko ma aa ki woko.
Grid-forming PCS twero loko adwogi ne kene i kare kikome labongo jami ma aa ki woko. Ki loko teko ma aa ki iye me gwoko teko pa mac, en tiyo calo gin ma miyo teko me keto gird kun nongo tye ka neno ni jami ni tye maber. Twero yubu grid ma pe jenge i kom dul ma goro ma pe ki teko ma tek. Ento kero me dongo pa grid-forming PCS ni ki medo ki 1.5 onyo 3.0 tyen ma ki keto, ma okelo wel ma malo ma loyo grid-following systems.
4. Grid-forming PCS Functions
4.1 Kit ma ki yubu kwede teko pa grid
Grid-forming PCS twero dwoko rwom me tic pa jami ma ki lwongo ni synchronous generators kun tiyo ki virtual synchronous generator (VSG) model. VSG lubo kit ma rwom me teko ki rwom me teko pa gin ma ki lwongo ni physical synchronous generator ni tiyo kwede, ma nyutu rwom me teko ma ki lwongo ni reactive power-voltage regulation. Man miiyo kony ma tiyo, dwoko rwom me tic pa jami ma kelo jami ma rwate, ki miyo twero me yubu grid.
4.2 rwom me rwom ki lagam pa inertia
I kare me peko me teko, jami ma calo virtual rotational inertia (J) ki damping coefficient (D) i VSG control konyo me dwoko piny alokaloka me frequency, ma weko frequency ki power angle stability bedo maber. Kit ma virtual inertia J pe obedo gin ma nen, wel ne ki twero loko labongo peko mo kiken. Medo ikom meno, grid-forming PCS miiyo 1.2 times instantaneous overload kero, miiyo kony ma tek pi gamo inertia.
4.3 Gengo jami ma ki lwongo ni Broadband Oscillations
Grid-forming PCS twero juku peko me low-frequency oscillation kun tiyo ki adaptable damping coefficients (D). En bene tiyo ki diro ma calo virtual impedance ki active damping me loko kit me impedance i frequency mogo ki gengo oscillations.
4.4 Voltage Fault Ride-Through
I kare me low-voltage ride-through (LVRT), grid-forming PCS tiyo ki current limiting ki overload virtual impedance control me gwoko tic pa voltage source ki konyo yubu grid. I yub me high-voltage ride-through (HVRT), en medo rwom me teko ma ki keto i yub me tic, kun tiyo ki teko ma oyot me gengo teko ma kato ki medo rwom me grid.
4.5 Gin ma ki lwongo ni Black Start Capability
Grid-forming PCS twero cako ki miiyo kony me dwoko rwom me tic piny inge poto pa grid. En kene keto teko pa AC, miyo teko bot jami ma kelo mac, ki ka mitte, yubu grid ma pe jenge i kom gin mo. Ento, pi rwom ma malo me donyo i kare me cako tic macol, gin acel keken pe twero miyo teko bot jami ma konyo kene. Gin ma ki lwongo ni Energy Management System (EMS) omyera oket jami mapol ma gi yubu grid-forming PCS units ma rwate me konyo transformer excitation ki voltage fixation.
5. FAQ
Q1: Ngo ma tye apoka poka madit i kin grid-forming ki grid-following energy storage?
A:Jami ma lubo grid tiyo calo jami ma miiyo mac ma mito grid ma ocung matek me rwate kwede, kun jami ma yubu grid tiyo calo jami ma miiyo teko ma twero yubu ki gwoko kero pa grid ki frequency gi kengi.
Lapeny me 2: Pingo diro me yubu grid pire tek pi yub me teko me kare ni?
A: Kit ma jami ma twero dwoko teko pa mac (ma calo yamo ki ceng) gi loko jami ma miyo teko macon, teko pa jami ma tiyo ki mac dwoko piny, ma kelo peko. Ka gwoko jami ma ki lwongo ni Grid-forming miiyo kony ma miite me tic ki kero pa mac, ma miyo bedo gin ma pire tek pi grid ma goro ki kabedo ma twero dwoko teko pa mac piny.
Q3: Ngo ma tye adwogi maber ma bino pi grid-forming PCS?
A: Ber ne ma pire tek tye: keto teko me grid (cako macol), miiyo inertia ma pe nen pi rwom me rwom, dwoko piny rwom me ngwec, ki ngwec matek i kin peko me grid, weng nongo tye ka tic i weak-grid onyo off-grid.
Q4: Ngo ma obedo wel ma pire tek ma ki tamo pi grid-forming PCS?
A: Gin ma kelo wel cente ma mite en aye kero me tic ki mac ma ki medo (3.0 tyen ma ki keto i tic ki 1.5 pi grid-following), ma mito jami ma tiyo ki teko ma tek ki ma wel ne tek.
